Volume 14 ~ Issue 2

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease caused mainly by Mycobacterium and spread from one person to another principally by airborne transmission. This paper is set to develop a mathematical model of TB with case detection, quarantine and treatment as control strategies. This model consists of six ordinary differential equations. The basic properties of the model in terms of existence and uniqueness, positivity and boundedness of the solution were established. The disease - free equilibrium point was obtained and it has shown that it is locally asymptotically stable (LAS). The infective reproduction number (R0) of the model was computed by the next generation matrix method, and the analysis of R0 showed that combination of the three control strategies (case detection, quarantine and treatment) should be used simultaneously and continuously in order to reduce the endemicity of the infection of the disease (TB).
Keywords:- Tuberculosis, Reproduction Number, Quarantine, Case Detection, Mycobacterium.

This paper presents a system that uses relative distance to calculate speed in order to assess rear-end collision risks, with the goal of deploying the vehicle's external airbags before a collision occurs to mitigate injury from the impact. The study utilizes LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) as the primary tool for measuring speed and distance. By analyzing the collected LiDAR data, the system determines whether activation of the airbag system is necessary. This system employs real-time sensing technology, enabling the vehicle to react in advance when a rear-end collision is imminent, thereby enhancing the vehicle's safety and effectively reducing the risk of injury in rear-end accidents..............
Keywords:- Relative distance; rear-end collision; LiDAR; real-time sensing technology; a single-chip system.

Real-time ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) has become essential for organizations that rely on instant data processing to drive decision-making. Unlike traditional batch ETL, real-time ETL involves continuously ingesting, transforming, and loading data with minimal latency, enabling businesses to react swiftly to changing conditions. However, implementing real-time ETL comes with significant challenges, including handling high data volume and velocity, ensuring data quality, minimizing processing delays, maintaining scalability, managing faults, and addressing security concerns.This article explores these challenges in detail and presents practical solutions, such as leveraging stream processing technologies, optimizing performance with in-memory computing, using cloud-based ETL tools, and implementing robust error-handling mechanisms. By addressing these obstacles, businesses can build efficient, scalable, and secure real-time ETL pipelines, enhancing data-driven operations and competitive advantage.
Keywords:- Real-Time ETL; Streaming Data Processing; ETL Challenges; ETL Solutions; Scalability in ETL; ETL Best Practices.

This article addresses the influence of soft skills training on school management in rural educational institutions. This study is part of a research project that aimed to evaluate how teachers' soft skills training improves school management and the educational environment at three educational levels (preschool, primary and secondary). A quantitative methodology was used, using observation techniques, interviews and document analysis to explore the effects of a specific training program on communication, leadership and collaboration skills among teachers. Among the results, the significant improvement in classroom interactions and effectiveness in school management stands out, which led to a more dynamic learning environment and greater student satisfaction and performance. In conclusion, soft skills training is crucial for the development of effective educational practices and the improvement of educational quality in rural areas.
Keywords:- Teacher training; soft skills; School Management; rural education.

The general purpose of this study was to generate an integrative model of institutional self-evaluation associated with internal improvement plans for the development of effective school management in educational institutions in the city of Monteria. The theoretical framework is organized from the postulates of Payán-Villamizar et al. (2020), Moscoso et al. (2019), Carrillo et al. (2023), among others, who characterize self-evaluation from interesting perspectives; therefore, the development of an internal process to strengthen the culture and the reflection on the practice that must be carried out to enable the diagnosis of reality becomes congruent. In the same way, associated...........
Keywords:- Self-evaluation, School Management, Improvement Plans, Institutional Educational Project.

Multilingual text recognition systems are critical in addressing the challenges posed by diverse linguistic landscapes, especially in multilingual nations like India. This study focuses on developing and evaluating an advanced system for recognizing English, Hindi and Marathi texts, encompassing varied scripts, text complexities, and image quality variations. The key objectives include analyzing the performance of traditional multilingual recognition methods, identifying their strengths and weaknesses, evaluating influencing factors, and creating a multilingual text dataset for research............
Keywords:- Multilingual Text Recognition, OCR, Deep Learning.

The main objective of the research was to verify the relationship between the didactics for teaching English as a foreign language used by fifth grade teachers and the English proficiency achieved by their students in official schools in the province of Márquez, Boyacá, Colombia, if a set of academic, environmental and personal variables are controlled. The research was approached from the holistic understanding, following the parameters of the Holopraxic method and corresponds to a confirmatory type of research since the final objective of this research allows confirming if there is a relationship between the didactics used by English teachers and the students' English proficiency............
Keywords:- english, mastery, didactics.

Metacognition is related to how human beings reflect on their thought processes and how they learn. According to Flavell (1976), metacognition implies the knowledge of one's own cognitive activity, as well as the control over such activity. On the other hand, mathematical modeling is a teaching method, which allows students not only to learn about mathematics and apply it to other areas of knowledge, such as physics in this case, but also to improve their ability to read, interpret, formulate, and solve troubles...........
Keywords:- Kinematic teaching; mathematical modeling; metacognition.

This research analyzes the conceptions of English teachers at the Santo Tomás de Aquino Technical Institute (ITSTA) in Duitama, Colombia, regarding the integration of Global Citizenship Education (GCE) into their pedagogical practice. Through a qualitative approach with grounded theory design, the study examined the perspectives, practices, and challenges faced by teachers in their attempts to develop global citizens through English teaching. Results reveal predominantly "soft" conceptions of GCE, a significant gap between theory and practice, and the need for contextualized professional development. As a theoretical contribution, the study proposes a "Dynamic Transformation of English Teaching for Global Citizenship" model with four interrelated dimensions: conceptual, pedagogical, contextual, and professional. Conclusions highlight the importance of reformulating teacher training and curriculum to facilitate a more critical and systematic integration of GCE in English teaching.
Keywords:- Global Citizenship Education, English language teaching, teacher conceptions, pedagogical practice, grounded theory.

The research was aimed at designing an interactive learning model, "Active Health", mediated by virtual simulators, to promote healthy living habits in primary school students. The study is justified by the need to address problems related to nutrition and physical activity in schoolchildren. Its purpose is to promote autonomous and contextual learning through the use of technological tools that develop communicative, critical and investigative skills. The projective methodology, non-experimental and descriptive, included the application of the CHVSAAF questionnaire to 170 students aged 6-12 years, analyzing dimensions such as nutrition...........
Keywords:- Learning, virtual simulators, teaching models, teaching, autonomous learning.

This article presents a systematic review of the literature on collective learning management and its influence on organizational transformation in public educational institutions. Previous studies and academic papers were analyzed to identify key patterns, trends, and findings in educational management. The review included sources addressing collective learning, institutional metacognition, and organizational adaptation in educational contexts. It is concluded that the implementation of collaborative strategies improves institutional adaptability and shared decision-making, although it faces structural and cultural barriers.
Keywords:- Collective learning, educational management, organizational transformation, collaborative leadership, systematic review.

Disaster education is very important for disabled individuals who are in the vulnerable group in the event of a disaster. It is extremely important for disabled individuals to be more conscious about disasters, to be able to cope better with the negative situation they will experience during a disaster and to be conscious about disasters so that they can make the right decision at the right time. In order to increase the efficiency of the disaster education to be given to disabled individuals, the education should be given according to the type of disability as much as possible. This study was carried out in 3 special education schools in Afyonkarahisar province. In the study, a questionnaire..........
Keywords:- Disaster Information, Survey, Special Education Schools, Pre-Test, Post-Test.

The development of computational thinking in early childhood education presents a challenge within the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Based on this premise, this research aimed to design a didactic model to foster the development of computational thinking skills in preschool children in Colombia. As a result, the DeLTiC Didactic Model is proposeda framework that addresses the needs identified through student diagnostics, an analysis of teachers' competencies, and a review of theoretical references on early childhood education pedagogy..........
Keywords:- computational thinking, early childhood education, didactic model, teaching mediation.

Wireless communication systems, particularly in radio broadcasting, are valued for their cost-effectiveness and ease of deployment. However, ensuring high signal quality remains critical, especially given the significant impact of environmental factors such as temperature fluctuations on radio propagation. This study investigates the effects of temperature on the radiation patterns of FM radio antennas using a locally engineered FM transmitter. By systematically comparing three antenna configurations: wire monopole, parabolic reflector, and loop, under identical weather conditions, our experimental..........
Keywords:- Antenna Design, Mitigation Techniques, Solar Radiation, Radio Signal and Frequency Modulation.

The objective of the doctoral thesis in education was to design a didactic model for the improvement of textual production in high school students of public educational institutions in the municipality of Ciénaga de Oro, Córdoba-Colombia. The theoretical references of this research in terms of didactic models were Morin, Bunge, Vygotsky, Bruner, Ausubel and for text production models Beaugrande and Dressler, Hayes and Flower, among other authors. The methodology applied in the research was of mixed type with holistic paradigm of science, holopraxic method, projective type of research, survey technique, questionnaire instrument, documentary review and documentary matrix, according to Hurtado, the population under study were teachers.........
Keywords:- text comprehension and production, didactic models, text production models, didactic sequence.

The main objective of the research is to configure a reading comprehension model based on the textual structure and hypertextual reading from a didactic sequence proposed in a virtual learning environment that impacts the reading process of students. The research is based on holistic comprehension, following the parameters of the Holopraxic method and corresponds to an interactive type of research. The population from which the event is intended to be studied are the Educational Institution Estambul and the Educational Institution Bosques del Norte, both from the official sector of the city of Manizales, which meet the inclusion criteria to be part of the research, taking as a unit of study and sample..........
Keywords:- Reading comprehension, textual structure, hypertextualreading, virtual environment, didacticsequence.

The objective of this research work is to design a program based on intercultural competence to strengthen the comprehensive training of vocational middle school teachers in urban educational institutions in Monteria, Department of Cordoba, Colombia. From the theoretical point of view, it is supported by the postulates of Brislin (1970), Deardorff (1990), Flores (2019), García (2019), Guillén and Cuervo (2020), Jaramillo and García (2011), Larraín and González (2005), Medina (2018), Rubio (2017), Tobón (2004), among others (For the event Intercultural Competence) and Freire (1968), Martínez (2019), Morin (1999), Rodríguez (2019), Tobón (2013) among others (For the event Integral Formation), above all we will work with.........
Keywords:- intercultural competence, teachers, comprehensive training, vocational media.

Human health depends on having access to clean water, yet dangerous microbes, especially those originating from faeces, pose serious risks. Clean water is essential for health, but contamination with harmful microorganisms, particularly from faecal sources, poses serious risks. A study conducted in Tricity (Mohali, Chandigarh, and Panchkula) during different seasons (2023-2024) found high levels of coliform and E. coli bacteria, especially during the monsoon. Factors such as sewage overflow, stagnant water, and poor sanitation contributed to contamination, with Chaunki (PKL) and Mohali (Sector 91, Bhankarpur) being the most affected areas. Some locations, like Dadu Majra and Kishangarh, had lower contamination levels. The study highlights the urgent........
Keywords:- ....

This article explores the relevance and application of dynamic capabilities in the human management of small and medium-sized service enterprises (SMEs) in Monteria, Colombia, a crucial sector for the local economy that faces significant challenges in a dynamic business environment. It begins with a definition and contextualization of dynamic capabilities, understood as the organizational ability to integrate, build and reconfigure internal and external competencies in response to changes in the environment.......
Keywords:- Dynamic capabilities, human management, SMEs.

Metacognitive awareness (MA) is an important skill for preservice teachers (PSTs) as they address the dual challenges of lesson planning and practicum experiences in teacher education programs. This paper examines recent research on the impact of MA in improving PSTs' teaching competencies, exploring innovative tools and strategies, including web-based portfolios, reflective journals, and mixed reality simulations. Studies show that these interventions promote reflective thinking, self-regulation, and adaptability in teaching, leading to enhanced lesson design and classroom performance.......
Keywords:- Metacognitive awareness, preservice teachers, lesson planning, practicum experiences, teacher education programs.

Solar radiation and temporal climatic variations are widely recognized as key drivers in the occurrence and spread of forest fires across the globe, with particularly pronounced impacts in ecologically sensitive regions such as the Ethiopian Highlands. This study investigates the role of solar radiation in influencing forest fire activity by exploring the correlation between Land Surface Temperature (LST) and observed fire events. Utilizing satellite-derived thermal datasets in conjunction with fire occurrence and severity data, this study aims to uncover spatiotemporal patterns that reveal how elevated temperature regimes contribute to the ignition, intensity, and progression of forest fires in the region........

With the widespread adoption of container drop-and-hook transportation in port hinterland logistics, enhancing customer satisfaction while maintaining transport efficiency has become a critical issue. This paper addresses the tractor-trailer scheduling problem under a multi-enterprise alliance framework, and develops a multi-objective scheduling optimization model aiming to maximize both the total alliance profit and customer satisfaction. The model comprehensively considers practical factors such as vehicle operating costs, fixed costs, time window penalty costs, trailer storage fees, and carbon emission costs.........

It is widely recognized that consistency and practice are essential for mastering programming skills. Coding becomes more effective and engaging when learners can brainstorm ideas, solve problems, and work together in real time. However, existing platforms often lack features that encourage teamwork, interactive learning, and immediate feedback, leaving learners isolated and demotivated. To address this, we developed "Assemble A Social Coding Network", a web-based platform designed to make coding a team-driven, interactive, and enjoyable activity.........
Keywords:- Social Coding Network, Real-Time Coding, Gamified-Challenges, Community-Driven Competitions, Interactive Learning, Peer-to-Peer Interaction, Code Review Tools, Progress Tracking, Problem-Solving Skills, Coding Engagement, Skill Development.